International journal of crisis & safety

This study examined the relationship between attachment security and clinical behavioral problems in a sample of 155 middle childhood boys in Republic of Korea. We tested the following hypotheses: 1) attachment security is associated with internalizing problems in middle childhood boys and 2) attachment security is associated with externalizing problems in middle childhood boys. Semi-structured interview (Separation Anxiety Test) was applied to identify the attachment security, and K-CBCL was used to measure behavioral problems. Frequency analysis and chi-square test were conducted to identify clinically risky groups in behavioral problems and to investigate the association with attachment security. The results of this study indicated that boys with insecure attachment type were more identified as a semi-clinical/clinical group in internalizing problems, but not in externalizing problems. These results were consistent with some previous studies which reported the relationship between attachment security and internalizing problems, but in contrast to other studies which suggested the association between attachment security and externalizing problems. Future studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between attachment security and externalizing problems of middle childhood boys in Republic of Korea. This study has following implications. First, we evaluated attachment security in middle childhood boys applying semi-structured attachment interview rather than self-report questionnaires to access the complexity and verbal and non-verbal expressions of attachment representations. Also, this study showed the relationship between attachment security and internalizing/externalizing problems in middle childhood boys who have been less investigated in previous studies. Finally, this study suggested that insecure attachment in middle childhood boys has clinical implication in internalizing problems.

International survey of the private security industry has rejuvenated interest in its study, in what has been a period of intensive growth internationally over several decades. Regulatory survey and analyses have been conventionally confined to Australia, Britain and North America, while developments in other world regions remain unassessed. This article is intended to inform and document the the recurring issues and challenges associated with the security industry in Republic of Korea. This article examines growth and diversification; regulation focusing on oversight practices; and offers a critique of the industry, as well as discussions on areas of possible improvement in regulation. The findings suggest that, although sustained intensive growth is evident, such growth has not been representative of a comprehensive scheme, and as such partial coverage of security tasks, minimal under-writing of competency standards, and insufficient attention paid to proactive monitoring and support remain ongoing issues. In light of the challenges outlined above, this article has discussed the range of strategies that could be pursued to complement a more comprehensive set of reforms, thereby optimizing the overall system. The major recommendation centers around three discussion areas. First, there appears to be a case for the policymakers to spread the legislative umbrella to embrace greater coverage of security tasks beyond the basic categories of static/armed guarding, close protection, cash-in-transit and alarm service, so that entry into the industry is controlled and monitored. Second, training has conventionally given a low priority due to ground that a two-year compulsory military service experience is adequate. Such assumption has resulted in a situation where the competency requirement is being avoided or neglected. Concurrently, there appears to be a case for the regulators and industry associations to engage in developing certified standards aimed at raising the bar of professionalism. Third, regulators should take advantage of cost-effective advances in monitoring programs in order to address the complexity of crime problems and benefit the industry in general.

Recently, as interest in disaster-safety has been rising, contents regarding disaster medical service have been presented in various related guidelines. However, the presentation of criteria related to the facility input has been insufficient. In the case of contents regarding site selecting methods related to field emergency medical facility input, the criteria and procedures necessary for decision making have not been systematically organized. In this study, as a basic study related to field emergency medical facility input site selection among matters requiring decision making related to disaster field emergency medical facility input, factors that must be considered necessary for site selection and the process were derived. In addition, the field emergency medical facility input site selecting process was actually presented based on a virtual site. In the future, quantitative criteria for disaster field emergency medical facility input should be presented according to diverse disaster types.

The aim of this research is to study the functions of senior citizen leisure and welfare centers that are autonomously managed and operated by senior citizens in order to contribute to senior citizens’ ability to live a healthy life in their old age. Based on December 2016 statistics, there are 3,369 senior citizen centers in Seoul with approximately 7 or 8 in each ‘dong’(administrative unit). There are approximately 68,000 centers nationwide, making South Korea’s senior citizen centers the most accessible in the world. Moreover, it can also be considered a social overhead capital as an excellent delivery system of senior welfare through its undertaking of beautiful and fine customs as well as delivering culture. This study conducted a survey of presidents from 3,369 senior citizen centers between the periods 2016. 4. 1 and 2016. 6. 30 in Seoul and analyzed 3,100 valid samples. The SPSS/WIN 21.0 program was utilized for data analysis. The goal of this research is to propose a solution that can secure effective management capabilities by improving the functional operation system of senior citizen centers, which is projected to contribute to strengthening senior citizen centers’ quality management.